Names and pronunciation
(a-kam-pro′sate)
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Drug reference
(a-kam-pro′sate)
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Func. class.: Alcohol deterrent
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Chem. class.: Synthetic amino acid neurotransmitter analog
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ACTION: Not completely understood; A in vitro data suggest it has affinity for type A and type B GABA receptors, lowers neuronal excitability, centrally mediated
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USES: Alcohol abstinence management
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CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hyper- sensitivity to this product or sulfites, CCr ≤30 mL/min Precautions: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, infants, children, ethanol intoxication, renal impairment, depression, suicidal ideation, driving or operating machinery, geriatric patients
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SIDE EFFECTS CNS: Anxiety, depression, dizziness, head- ache, insomnia, paresthesias, suicidal ide- ation, tremors, abnormal dreams, chills, drowsiness CV: Palpitations, hypertension, periph- eral edema EENT: Rhinitis, pharyngitis, abnormal vision GI: Anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, abdominal pain, flatulence, nau- sea, vomiting, taste change, weight gain GU: Impotence INTEG: Rash, pruritus, increased sweating MISC: Infection, flulike symptoms MS: Back pain, myalgias, arthralgia RESP: Dyspnea, bronchitis
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INTERACTIONS Drug/Lab Increase: LFTs, blood glucose, bilirubin, uric acid Decrease: HB/Hct, platelets
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DOSAGE AND ROUTES • Adult: PO 666 mg tid Renal dosage • Adult: PO CCr 30-50 mL/min 333 mg tid; CCr <30 mL/min do not use
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Available forms: Delayed-release tablets 333 mg
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Administer: • Without regard to food; do not crush, chew, break delayed-release tablets • Use only after alcohol is stopped • Store at room temperature
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Assess: • Mental status: depression, abnormal dreams, suicidal thoughts/behaviors, length of alcohol use, date of discontinu- ing alcohol use • B/P baseline and periodically • Pregnancy/breastfeeding: use only if benefits outweigh fetal risk; cautious use in breastfeeding, excretion unknown
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Evaluate: • Therapeutic response: continued al- cohol abstinence
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CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
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Patient and caregiver information: • To notify prescriber of depression, abnormal thoughts, suicidal thoughts/ behaviors • To take without regard to food; not to break, crush, chew delayed-release tablets • Not to engage in hazardous activities until effect is known; may impair think- ing; monitor skills • Not to use alcohol, to continue treat- ment for alcohol addiction • Pregnancy/breastfeeding: to notify prescriber if pregnancy is planned or suspected; to use effective contraception; breastfeeding effects are unknown HIGH ALERT
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PHARMACOKINETICS Onset unknown, peak 3-8 hr, duration unknown, half-life 20-33 hr
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• Adult: PO 666 mg tid Renal dosage
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• Adult: PO CCr 30-50 mL/min 333 mg tid; CCr <30 mL/min do not use
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