Indications And Dose
Diagnosis of gastro-duodenal Helicobacter pylori infection ▶BY MOUTH ▶Adult: (consult product literature)
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Drug reference
Diagnosis of gastro-duodenal Helicobacter pylori infection ▶BY MOUTH ▶Adult: (consult product literature)
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There can be variation in the licensing of different medicines containing the same drug. Soluble tablet ▶Pylobactell (Torbet Laboratories Ltd) Urea [13-C] 100 mg Pylobactell breath test kit | 1 kit P £20.75 DT = £20.75 Powder ▶Helicobacter Test INFAI (INFAI UK Ltd) Urea [13-C] 75 mg Helicobacter Test INFAI breath test kit sugar-free | 1 kit P £21.70 DT = £21.70 sugar-free | 50 kit P £955.00 Tablet ▶Diabact UBT (HFA Healthcare Products Ltd) Urea [13-C] 50 mg diabact UBT 50mg tablets | 1 tablet P £21.25 DT = £21.25 | 10 tablet P £78.75 (Hospital only) Food allergy Food allergy Description of condition Food allergy is an adverse immune response to a food, commonly associated with cutaneous and gastro-intestinal reactions, and less frequently associated with respiratory reactions and anaphylaxis. It is distinct from food intolerance which is non-immunological. Cow’s milk, hen’s eggs, soy, wheat, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish are the most common allergens. Cross-reactivity between similar foods can occur (e.g. allergy to other mammalian milk in patients with cow’s milk allergy). Management of food allergy g Allergy caused by specific foods should be managed by strict avoidance of the causal food. Sodium cromoglicate p. 285 is licensed as an adjunct to dietary avoidance in patients with food allergy. Educating patients about appropriate nutrition, food preparation, and the risks of accidental exposure is recommended, such as food and drinks to avoid, ensuring adequate nutritional intake, and interpreting food labels. h Drug treatment g There is low quality evidence to support the use of antihistamines to treat acute, non-life-threatening symptoms (such as flushing and urticaria) if accidental ingestion of allergenic food has occurred (see Antihistamines, under Antihistamines, allergen immunotherapy and allergic emergencies p. 291). Chlorphenamine maleate p. 297 is licensed for the symptomatic control of food allergy. In case of food-induced anaphylaxis, adrenaline/epinephrine p. 236 is the first-line immediate treatment (see also Allergic emergencies, under Antihistamines, allergen immunotherapy and allergic emergencies p. 291). Patients who are at risk of anaphylaxis should be trained to use self-injectable adrenaline/epinephrine. h Gastro-intestinal smooth Gastro-intestinal system muscle spasm Antispasmodics Antimuscarinics The intestinal smooth muscle relaxant properties of antimuscarinic and other antispasmodic drugs may be useful in irritable bowel syndrome. Antimuscarinics (formerly termed ‘anticholinergics’) reduce intestinal motility. They can be used for the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Antimuscarinics that are used for gastro-intestinal smooth muscle spasm include the tertiary amines atropine sulfate p. 1229 and dicycloverine hydrochloride below and the quaternary ammonium compounds propantheline bromide p. 93 and hyoscine butylbromide p. 92. The quaternary ammonium compounds are less lipid soluble than atropine sulfate and are less likely to cross the blood–brain barrier; they are also less well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. Dicycloverine hydrochloride has a much less marked antimuscarinic action than atropine sulfate and may also have some direct action on smooth muscle. Hyoscine butylbromide is advocated as a gastro-intestinal antispasmodic, but it is poorly absorbed; the injection is useful in endoscopy and radiology. Atropine sulfate and the belladonna alkaloids are outmoded treatments, any clinical virtues being outweighed by atropinic side-effects. Other indications for antimuscarinic drugs include arrhythmias, asthma and airways disease, motion sickness, parkinsonism, urinary incontinence, mydriasis and cycloplegia, premedication, and as an antidote to organophosphorus poisoning. Other antispasmodics Alverine citrate p. 93, mebeverine hydrochloride p. 93, and peppermint oil p. 52 are believed to be direct relaxants of intestinal smooth muscle and may relieve pain in irritable bowel syndrome. They have no serious adverse effects but, like all antispasmodics, should be avoided in paralytic ileus. ANTIMUSCARINICS eiiii F 820
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(consult product literature)
First-line fragment. Read the complete Indications and Dose section above.
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