Names and pronunciation
(sal-met′er-ole) Serevent Diskus
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Individual generic drug information
Extracted information for salmeterol only.
(sal-met′er-ole) Serevent Diskus
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Func. class.: β2-Adrenergic agonist (long acting), bronchodilator
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ACTION: Causes bronchodilation by action on β2 (pulmonary) receptors by increasing levels of cAMP, which relaxes smooth muscle with little effect on heart rate; maintains improvement in FEV from 3 to 12 hr; prevents nocturnal asthma symptoms
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USES: Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm, COPD, asthma
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Extracted information for salmeterol only.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hyper- sensitivity to sympathomimetics, tachy- dysrhythmias, severe cardiac disease, monotherapy treatment of asthma Precautions: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, cardiac disorders, hyperthyroidism, diabe- tes mellitus, hypertension, closed-angle glaucoma, seizures, acute asthma, as a sub- stitute to corticosteroids, QT prolongation
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Black Box Warning: Asthma-related death, children <4 yr Black Box Warning: Children should not use this product as monotherapy for asthma; use only with persistent asthma in those whose symptoms are not con- trolled with a long-term asthma agent; after product controls asthma, use an- other bronchodilator • Hypersensitivity: assess for rash, urticaria; rarely leads to anaphylaxis, an gioedema Black Box Warning: Asthma-related death: long-acting beta agonists have been associated with severe asthma and asth- ma-related death. If wheezing worsens and cannot be relieved during an acute asthma attack, patients should be instructed to seek immediate medical attention. Avoid use of single-ingredient long-acting beta agonists for asthma. Do not use in those with significantly worsening asthma, which may be life-threatening • Pregnancy/breastfeeding: use only if benefits outweigh fetal risk; cautious use in breastfeeding, excretion unknown Black Box Warning: Asthma-related deaths: to seek medical attention immediately for serious asthma at- tack; death may be greater in black patients • Not to use for acute bronchospasm; never to exhale into Diskus; to hold level, keep mouthpiece dry • Not to use OTC medications, extra stimulation may occur • If using to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm, to use 1⁄2-1 hr before exercise • Review package insert with patient • To avoid getting powder in eyes • To avoid smoking, smoke-filled rooms, persons with respiratory infections • Not for treatment of acute exacerba- tion; a fast-acting β-blocker should be used instead • To immediately report dyspnea after use if ≥1 canister is used in 2 mo time • To notify prescriber if >4 inhalations are needed or if product is no longer working • To take other products as prescribed • To notify prescriber if pregnancy is suspected or if breastfeeding
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SIDE EFFECTS CNS: Tremors, anxiety, insomnia, headache, dizziness, fever CV: Palpitations, tachycardia, hypo/hyper- tension, angina EENT: Dry nose, irritation of nose and throat GI: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, heartburn MS: Muscle cramps RESP: bronchospasm, cough, asthma- related death
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INTERACTIONS Increase: CV effect—CYP3A4 inhibitors (itraconazole, ketoconazole, nelfinavir, nefazodone, saquinavir), avoid using together Increase: action of aerosol broncho dilators Increase: action of salmeterol—tricy- clics, MAOIs Decrease: salmeterol action—other β-blockers
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TREATMENT OF OVERDOSE: β2-Adrenergic blocker
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Extracted information for salmeterol only.
DOSAGE AND ROUTES • Adult/child ≥4 yr: Asthma INH 50 mcg (1 inhalation as dry powder) q12hr; exercise-induced bronchospasm prophylaxis 50 mcg (1 inhalation) ½-1 hr before exercise
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Available forms: Inhalation powder 50 mcg/blister
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Administer: • Gum, sips of water for dry mouth • Use only as add-on therapy • Use ½ hr before exercise for exercise- induced bronchospasm prevention, do not use additional doses if using bid • Use this medication before other med- ications, allow at least 1 min between other inhaled products • Do not use spacer with this product S • Store in foil pouch; do not expose to temperature >86°F (30°C); discard 6 wk after removal from foil pouch
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Extracted information for salmeterol only.
Assess: • Respiratory function: vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, ABGs, lung sounds, heart rate and rhythm baseline and periodically • Product should not be used as mono- therapy for asthma; product should not be used for rescue breathing treatment • Paradoxical bronchospasm: dys pnea, wheezing, chest tightness; do not use in bronchospasm
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Evaluate: • Therapeutic response: absence of dys- pnea, wheezing
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CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
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Patient and caregiver information:
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Extracted information for salmeterol only.
PHARMACOKINETICS INH: Onset 30-50 min; peak 4 hr; dura- tion 12 hr; metabolized in liver; excreted in urine, breast milk; crosses placenta, blood-brain barrier; protein binding 94%-98%; terminal half-life 3-5 hr
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Filter the extracted dose blocks for this individual drug.
• Adult/child ≥4 yr: Asthma INH 50 mcg (1 inhalation as dry powder) q12hr; exercise-induced bronchospasm prophylaxis 50 mcg (1 inhalation) ½-1 hr before exercise
Candidate age grouping · source page 1189